我国软件公司规模、技术创新与经营效率分析

采用30家我国上市软件公司2009～2010年的数据,运用超效率DEA和Tobit模型相结合的方法,就我国上市软件公司是否存在着规模效应,其技术创新能力是否影响公司经营效率这两个问题进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,企业规模对我国上市软件公司经营效率存在着显著的正向影响;衡量企业技术创新能力的3个要素中,研发资金投入强度与企业经营效率显著正相关;研发人员投入强度与公司经营效率显著负相关;员工受教育程度在一定程度上会促进企业经营效率的提高。在此基础上,就分析结果进行了讨论并提出了政策建议。     

基于DEA-AHP的农产品物流服务商评价与选择

现有物流服务商评价体系多针对一般商品,未考虑农产品自身特性。为使农民科学、合理地进行农产品物流服务商评价与选择,基于已有研究成果,结合农产品物流特点,构建了农产品物流服务商评价指标体系,提出经济性、信息化水平和发展潜力3个一级指标。采用DEA-AHP评价方法,综合考虑服务商客观数据和农民主观偏好,对物流服务商进行评价选择,并通过具体案例说明该方法的适用性和可操作性。     

基于DEA方法的高等院校办学效率评价研究*

效率评价是高等院校面临的重要问题之一。运用数据包络分析方法,从技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率等方面,对江苏省苏北地区9所本科院校的办学效率进行了研究,分析了DEA非有效状态的高等院校可能存在的问题及原因,并就如何提高这些高校的办学效率提出了相关建议。     

中国医药制造业研发效率及其收敛趋势--基于DEA-Malmquist指数的实证分析

运用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算2000—2010年中国医药制造业研发效率,并分析其变化趋势。研究结果表明,中国医药制造业研发效率总体呈增长趋势,其增长的主要动力源于技术效率的改善;医药制造业研发效率区域差异显著,主要原因在于技术进步与技术效率不能协同增长;从变化趋势看,中国东部省份医药制造业研发效率收敛趋势明显,但全国尚未形成医药制造业研发效率的收敛趋势。     

中国银行业效率的实证分析(1999-2005年)——基于投入导向DEA模型的应用

实证结果表明,我国银行业总体的技术效率呈现出先下降后上升的u型特征;股份制商业银行的效率整体上略优于国有商业银行,2003年股改后,国有商业银行的效率整体上有所上升;股份制商业银行和国有商业银行内部的管理技术水平(PTE)均优于其规模状况(SE),规模无效是导致总体技术无效的主要原因.     

Efficiency of Microfinance Institutions in the Mediterranean: An Application of DEA

By applying the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, even with all the limitations where error could cause significant problems, this paper attempts to investigate the efficiency of 35 Microfinance institutions in the Mediterranean zone during the period of 2004–2005. The estimated results prove that eight institutions are relatively efficient, and have a notable level of average efficiency and a potential of evolution while being referent to their technical efficiency. The survey also reveals that the size of the MFIs has a negative effect on their efficiency since the MFIs of medium size are more efficient than the eminent.

DEA models for extended two-stage network structures

Liang et al. (2008) [1] developed DEA models based upon game approach to decompose efficiency for two-stage network structures where all outputs of the first stage are the only inputs to the second stage. This paper extends Liang et al. (2008) [1] by assuming that the inputs to the second stage include both the outputs from the first stage and additional inputs to the second stage. Two models are proposed to evaluate the performance of this type general two-stage network structures. One is a non-linear centralized model whose global optimal solutions can be estimated using a heuristic search procedure. The other is a non-cooperative model, in which one of the stages is regarded as the leader and the other is the follower. The newly developed models are applied to a case of regional R&D of China.     

两阶段DEA前沿面投影问题研究——兼对我国上市银行运营绩效进行评价

DEA方法,即数据包络分析方法,是一种用于评价决策单元(Decision Making Units,DMUs)相对有效性的实证方法。近年来DEA方法已经广泛的应用于各行各业的绩效评价中,并发展出两阶段DEA方法。两阶段DEA方法相对于传统DEA方法的优势在于,它不但可以提供被评价对象的总体效率值,还可以分别生成每一阶段的效率值。但正是由于中间要素的存在,按照传统的DEA方法来调整两阶段DEA投入、产出要素的优化过程已不能成功投影在有效前沿面上。本文基于两阶段DEA方法,通过加入"虚拟中间要素"在两阶段DEA中嵌入一个"虚拟阶段",这样不但完善了两阶段DEA的逻辑结构,而且成功的将被评价单元投影到有效前沿面。最后本文应用以上方法对我国上市银行的运营绩效进行了实证分析。实证结果令我们意外的是,国有商业银行运营绩效优于股份制银行。     

Measuring the Contribution of Workers' Health and Psychosocial Work‐Environment on Production Efficiency

Increasingly many firms have started to implement programs intended to improve the workers' health and the psychosocial work‐environment, as well as other attributes of labor quality. Motivated by the need for evaluating to what extent the programs affect a firm's productivity performance, this study discusses a model for analyzing the contribution of labor quality attributes toward firm productivity. To assess the contribution from the labor quality attributes, we model firm productivity as the outcome of two separate processes within a firm: the physical production process and the labor quality process. Firm productivity is measured by a Malmquist‐like productivity index and is computed by Data Envelopment Analysis. Based on bootstrap methods we analyze potential statistical bias and provide bias‐corrected productivity estimates. The labor quality attributes are first modeled at an individual worker level as latent variables using Item Response Theory, and then aggregated to a firm‐level. The model is empirically validated using data from three manufacturing plants that participated in a coordinated worksite health promotion program. Over a 4‐year period (2000–2003), we observed a general improvement in efficiency of 2–5%, half of which could be attributed to an improvement in workers' health and psychosocial work‐environment. A key benefit with the model is that it is practical, easy to implement, and very fast to compute. The model also constructively contributes to the discourse on sustainability by providing a framework for deriving meaningful metrics and providing tangible measurements on the effect of sustainability‐related issues.     

基于效率分解视角的林业专业合作社提质增效研究

提高林业专业合作社运行效率是实现林业高质量发展的重要途径。林业专业合作社运行效率包括经济效率、社会效率和交易效率。采用DEA-Tobit模型对林业专业合作社运行效率进行实证分析,研究发现:(1)林业专业合作社整体运行效率较低,这是规模效率和纯技术效率共同作用的结果。林业专业合作社的经济、社会与交易的效率值处于[0.25~0.35],纯技术效率值处于[0.55~0.75],规模效率值处于[0.35~0.45]。(2)外部环境因素对林业专业合作社运行效率具有显著影响。用外部环境变量对投入指标的松弛变量进行SFA回归,发现外部环境变量对不同类型林业专业合作社运行效率影响和作用路径差异显著。(3)林业专业合作社运行效率内部改进存在冲突,即组织资产总额、合作社股权制衡度、财务信息公开次数等指标对林业专业合作社运行效率内部改进存在冲突。因此,林业专业合作社要通过提高全要素生产率,统筹国际国内生产与分工格局,营造林业专业合作社良好的发展环境,利用双循环发展机遇提升林业专业合作社运行效率等措施来提质增效。